Family

Betulaceae

Region

Coastal Plain, Mountain, Piedmont

States

Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia

Plant Type

Tall Shrub

Height

12 - 20ft

Spread

12 - 20ft

Flower Color

Purple

Fruit

Cone/Cone-like; Brown

Sun Exposure

Full Sun

Soil Texture

Clay, Loamy

Soil Moisture

Flooded, Moist, Wet

Blooms

March - April

Fall Color

yellow, red

Habitat

fresh tidal and nontidal marshes, shrub swamps, forested wetlands

Notes

forms thickets along watercourses; nitrogen fixing; tolerates flooding to 3"; used by deer and beaver; the seeds are eaten by ruffed grouse, goldfinch, and a few other songbirds

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