Family

Rhamnaceae

Region

Coastal Plain, Mountain, Piedmont

States

Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia

Plant Type

Low Shrub

Height

3 - 3ft

Spread

3 - 6ft

Flower Color

White

Fruit

; Black

Sun Exposure

Full Sun, Partial Sun

Soil Texture

Clay, Loamy, Sandy

Soil Moisture

Dry

Blooms

May - September

Fall Color

yellow to tan

Habitat

meadow, old field, glade, forest; dry open woods and borders, rocky areas, openings

Notes

tough; tolerates moist soil if well drained; fixes nitrogen; tolerates dryness; Browsed by deer and eaten by rabbits; bobwhite and wild turkey eat fruits

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